Hridayesh Joshi - कोयले में निवेश - सच्चाई या आंकड़ों की बाज़ीगरी...?

By Dilip -
नई दिल्ली: अब 1 सितंबर को सभी की नज़रें एक बार फिर सुप्रीम कोर्ट पर रहेंगी, क्योंकि उसी दिन वर्ष 1993 के बाद से आवंटित किए गए उन सभी कोल ब्लॉकों का भविष्य तय होगा, जिनके आवंटन को सर्वोच्च अदालत ने सोमवार को 'गैरकानूनी और मनचाहे तरीके से किया गया' घोषित किया था। अब सबसे बड़ा सवाल यह है कि क्या अदालत ये सभी आवंटन रद्द करेगी। इस बात की संभावना जताई जा रही है कि जिन कोल ब्लॉकों में काम शुरू नहीं हुआ है, वे ज़रूर रद्द किए जाएंगे, लेकिन सवाल यह है कि जिन कोल ब्लॉकों में काम शुरू हो चुका है, क्या उनके 'गैरकानूनी आवंटन' को नज़रअंदाज़ कर दिया जाएगा।

इस बीच निजी कंपनियां, कॉरपोरेट जगत के कुछ जानकार और सरकार में कुछ लोग इस बात को ज़ोर-शोर से कह रहे हैं कि कंपनियां कोल ब्लॉकों को विकसित करने में कोई 2.86 लाख करोड़ रुपये का निवेश कर चुकी हैं और अगर आवंटन रद्द हुए तो देश की अर्थव्यवस्था को भारी नुकसान होगा, शेयर बाज़ार चौपट हो जाएंगे और बिजली की ज़रूरतों को पूरा करने की कोशिशों को भारी झटका लगेगा।

सच्चाई का पता लगाने के लिए पूरे मामले के हर पहलू को ध्यान से देखना होगा और इन तथ्यों को समझना होगा...
  • वर्ष 1993 से लेकर अब तक कुल 218 कोल ब्लॉक आवंटित किए गए
  • इन कोल ब्लॉकों में कोयला उत्पादन शुरू करने के लिए हर कंपनी को तीन से साढ़े चार साल का वक्त दिया गया
  • सारी कंपनियों को दी गई मियाद पूरी हो चुकी है, लेकिन 218 में से केवल 40 कोल ब्लॉकों में ही काम शुरू हो पाया है
ये तथ्य बताते हैं कि न तो सही कंपनियों के पास कोल ब्लॉक गए और न ही ये कंपनियां कोल ब्लॉकों को विकसित करने के प्रति गंभीर थीं। कोयले से जुड़े मामलों पर लंबे समय से काम कर रहे सुदीप श्रीवास्तव कहते हैं - इस दौर में अधिकतर ब्लॉक उन कंपनियों को दिए गए, जिनके पास तकनीकी और आर्थिक क्षमता नहीं थी या फिर उन कंपनियों को कोल ब्लॉक दिए गए, जिनके पास छोटे-छोटे प्लान्ट थे।

इन कंपनियों ने पांच से 10 गुना एक्सपेन्शन प्लान दिखाया, जो उनकी वित्तीय और तकनीकी कूवत से बाहर की बात थी। ऐसा भी हुआ कि एक ही कंपनी को कई-कई ब्लॉक दे दिए गए, और कुल मिलाकर कम से कम छह ग्रुप ऐसे थे, जिन्हें पांच से अधिक ब्लॉक दिए गए। एक सच यह भी है कि पिछले 21 सालों में कभी भी निजी कंपनियों ने कोयला खनन के जरिये अर्थव्यवस्था में बड़ा योगदान किया हो, ऐसा नहीं लगता। पिछले साल (2013-14) की ही मिसाल लें - देश में कुल 56 करोड़ टन कोयला निकाला गया, जिसमें निजी कंपनियों का योगदान साढ़े चार करोड़ टन से अधिक नहीं था।

केंद्र सरकार की अपनी जांच कमेटी की रिपोर्ट कहती है कि निजी कंपनियां जिस 2.86 लाख करोड़ रुपये के निवेश की बात कर रही हैं, उनमें से केवल 8,800 करोड़ ही कोल ब्लॉकों को डेवलप करने पर खर्च हुए, और बाकी 2.77 लाख करोड़ उन प्रोजेक्ट्स को लगाने में खर्च हुए, जहां मुफ्त में मिले कोयले के आधार पर सीमेंट, पॉवर और स्टील प्लान्ट लगने थे। जांच करने पर पता चलता है कि निवेश के इन आंकड़ों को या तो कंपनियों ने बहुत बढ़ा-चढ़ाकर बताया या फिर पहले से चल रहे प्लान्ट में हुए निवेश को इस कीमत में जोड़कर दिखा दिया।

आंकड़ों की इसी बाज़ीगरी और अतिशयोक्ति को समझने के लिए एक मिसाल देखिए...
सरकार के अपने दस्तावेज दिखाते हैं कि एक कंपनी कॉरपोरेट इस्पात ने 1,200 करोड़ के निवेश को जितनी बिजली और स्टील पैदा करने में दिखाया, भूषण पॉवर एंड स्टील ने तकरीबन उतनी ही बिजली और स्टील पैदा करने में 49,000 करोड़ का निवेश दिखा दिया। 

छत्तीसगढ़ के कोरबा में नकिया-1 और नकिया-2 कोल ब्लॉक पांच कंपनियों को दिए गए। इन पांचों कंपनियों का निवेश 3,000 करोड़ से भी कम है और इन सबको कोल इंडिया से भी कोयला जा रहा है। यानी गैरकानूनी तरीके से दिए गए कोल ब्लॉक अगर इन कंपनियों से वापस ले भी लिए जाएं तो न तो किसी बड़े निवेश को खतरा होना है, न इन प्लान्ट्स में काम रुकेगा, क्योंकि कोल इंडिया से मिलने वाला कोयला नहीं रुकने वाला।

http://khabar.ndtv.com/news/india/all-eyes-on-sc-what-will-be-the-fate-of-coal-blocks-654864?update=1411286672
see also:
Govt and NTPC are building a myth of coal scarcity - are they trying to argument on privatization of COAL India? 


How private players cultivated a story that they had invested too much in coal blocks and court should not de-allocate the blocks .. the truth is otherwise... 













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