Desmond Mpilo Tutu 1931-2021. A Tribute by Terry Bell
The Arch is dead. Desmond Mpilo Tutu, archbishop emeritus of the Anglican church and Nobel Peace Prize winner who fought a long battle with cancer died on December 26 , 11 weeks after his 90Ath birthday. His work within and after South Africa’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) reinforced his position as an international icon, alongside the likes of Gandhi, Martin Luther King and Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela.
Yet, in 1995 when the idea of a TRC was being widely debated, Desmond Tutu was
64 and planning a quiet, devotional retirement. He had achieved so much,
often in extremely fraught circumstances, and had risen to the highest position
in his church. His campaigning against apartheid on the basis of peace
and justice had also earned him the Nobel prize in 1984, the Albert Schweitzer
prize for humanitarianism in 1986 and, a year later, the Roman Catholic Peace
on Earth award.
Time, he thought, as he neared 65, to take things a little easier, to read,
write and concentrate more on family. I was interviewing him at the time
for the United Nations press service and he explained that his immediate plan
when he stepped down in Cape Town as archbishop, was to spend a year in a religious
retreat in Australia. There he would write “a definitive book” on the
transfiguration, the belief that the wine and wafer consumed during Christian
communion represent the actual blood and body of Christ. It was another example to me of the depth of his religious conviction and it
was no surprise when he also expressed concern about the TRC.
“Reconciliation is a theological concept. Politicians should stay
out of it,” he noted.
At the time, the talk in political circles tended to regard reconciliation as a
synonym for the compromises thought necessary to bring together former enemies
and antagonistic parties. But to Desmond Tutu reconciliation was a matter
salvation, of those estranged from God being brought back, via atonement.
In the event, the final form of the TRC accorded broadly with his religious
outlook. Tutu agreed to become the commission’s chairman. It was
quickly made clear that there would be no “witch hunts”. Perpetrators who
publicly and honestly atoned for their sins would be granted amnesty. And
violence exercised by both the oppressor and oppressed would be treated
equally.
It was only after the TRC completed its hearings and presented its report to
then President Nelson Mandela, that Desmond Tutu found a retreat where he could
reflect and write. It was a long way from Australia and
transfiguration. He went into retreat at the Candler School of Theology
in the United States and the result was a powerful and justly hailed memoir, No
Future Without Forgiveness. It focuses on the TRC and was published in
1999.
By then there was no chance of retirement. The Arch was in as much demand
as he had ever been. A consumate orator, he had carried his message of
peace and justice to many countries during the most turbulent times of
the anti-apartheid struggle, astutely weighing the political environment he
found himself in before choosing his words.
A classic example in the 1980s was when he addressed a mass service in a
stadium in Panama during the military dictatorship of Manuel Noriega.
Using apartheid South Africa as an example, he highlighted the sorts of
human rights abuses that were then being perpetrated in Panama. And he
noted, using one of his favourite expressions, that dictators tended eventually
to “bite the dust”. He listed Hitler, Idi Amin and Nicaragua’s Anastasio
Somozo. Then he paused. It was a dramatic moment and the message
had clearly got through to the hushed audience. He looked out over them
and slowly shook his head, in apparent reprimand and announced: “No,
no. I’ll go back to Africa”, promptly resuming his description of events
“back home”.
It was a classic example of his determination to preach justice and to speak
truth to power while being shrewdly aware of how best, politically, to package
the message. It was a role he felt called upon to play in serving a just
and mysterious divinity. And that put him and his family under constant
pressure, the least of it being death threats and abusive telephone calls. For
what seems most often to be forgotten when speaking of the Arch is that Desmond
Tutu was a husband and father as well as an activist, priest and, certainly not
in the traditional sense, politician.
He was also an expressed egalitarian who was at the same time comfortable in
the hierarchy of the church. And, on a matters of principle, he could
forcefully exercise his authority. One of the clearest examples was
shortly before the 1994 elections. A group of Anglican clergy, mostly
from poorer, black parishes, had signed an advertisement supporting the
ANC. The Arch was furious. He demanded written apologies, making it
clear that if these were not forthcoming, the parish priests who had signed the
ad would lose both their licences and their livings. All bar one — an Anglican
academic not beholden directly to the diocese — tendered the demanded letters
of apology.
It was not that the Arch opposed the ANC. Far from it. But he felt
that the church should not be involved in party politics. It was the same
reason that he agreed to be the patron of both anti-apartheid coalitions that
emerged in the 1980s, the United Democratic Front and the National Forum.
This principled activism was, like his involvement with the TRC, another of the
paths dictated largely by circumstance that he felt compelled to follow.
Had he been born into any conventional parliamentary democracy, he might have
achieved his early wish and become a doctor. But it is impossible to
suppose that he would not have made a mark as a much loved humanitarian in whatever
field he chose to follow.
--
Terry Bell
writing, editing, broadcasting; specialising in:
political/economic
analysis and labour
P.O Box 373, Muizenberg 7950; South Africa
Twitter: @telbelsa
Blog: terrybellwrites.com
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